Altos Research - How's the Market?

By now it should be clear to everyone that a multi-year home price rebound started in January of 2012. It should also be obvious to everyone that home prices in 2013 are on a tear. The rest of 2013 will remain strong, with rising home prices. The data is already in and it is very clear.

When I publish on the hot housing market, I always have some bearish readers who object to the characterization. They’re generally expecting 2014 and beyond for home prices to fall again. This bearish housing argument usually includes anecdotes about the fragility of the rental market. That investors have been driving purchase demand and now we’re flooded with rentals. Rents must fall. We decided to look at the data and see if we can spot weakness in the rental market before the headlines. Here’s what we found. (All data as of April 10, 2013)

Each week, Altos Research surveys over 1 million apartments and single family homes for rent around the country. (See here for details on our Rental Intel data products.)

Here’s a sampling of some of the big investor markets. Here we’re looking at price per square foot across all rentals, including single family homes, condos, and apartments. All data is weekly measurements.

Rents Still Rising in 2013

As you can see, the rental markets in most of the hot investor cities have not yet come under pressure. My suspicion is that this is because Rents and Home Prices both respond to new demand of accelerating household formation. Some of these new household are buyers, some are renters, but we’re all moving out from Mom’s basement.

Investor Risk

So rents are up a little bit. They’re clearly not climbing as fast a home prices. Investors, if they haven’t already, will experience Cap Rate Compression. The ratio of costs-to-income on properties is weakening. Every week, new investment purchases are a worse deal for investors.

Cap Rates in many of these markets are still quite attractive to investors. My suspicion is that these screaming deals will be gone by next year, and that’s when we’ll see if the US consumer has enough power to keep the rally going into year three.

Quit your yapping about how strong the real estate market is, Simonsen. It’s a fake rally. There is no actual demand.

That’s the bearish argument I’ve been hearing lately. I’m not buying it.

For years we’ve been watching the phenomenon of “Shadow Inventory” of potential homes that need to be sold, and looking for impact on the market. This set of underwater or distressed properties is now shrinking rapidly.  The number of homes with underwater mortgages fell by nearly two million last year. According to the Fed, home price gains of 10% will be enough to move 40% of underwater borrowers back above water. These home sellers are highly likely to buy another home in the same or comparable market, off setting new supply with new demand.

Meanwhile another phenomenon that emerged from the bubble burst has been developing, and it’s hit the market with full force. Shadow Demand. Demand for homes that went unsatisfied, primarily due to financial and economic uncertainty, that can now emerge as jobs recover and mortgages remain cheap.

Housing’s Shadow Demand

Let’s look at the source of new demand. Increased demand for housing comes from new “households.”

From 1997 through 2007, each year an average of 1.3 million new households were formed per year. Our population grows via immigration and kids maturing. These people need to  rent or buy homes, or they double up with friends and family. During the Great Recession, household formation was closer to 600,000 per year. Population growth continued at about the same pace but people didn’t move into homes of their own.  That means for the three years of 2008, 2009, 2010 we had “Shadow Demand” forming around 2 million potential homes that can’t wait to launch on their own.

In the chart above, you can see that households get formed during times of economic strength. People hide when the economy is bad.

Household formation in the five years of the housing bust was lower than any five year period since the 1960s.  This is the Shadow Demand and it’s now hitting the real estate market. These millions of potential buyers were waiting until they were financially stable and until the bargains arrived. In 2012, these conditions converged. In 2013 employment and recovery is stronger. Real estate demand is higher. 

Despite all the risks in the US and global economies, the 2012 real estate market’s demand is a function of years of pent up purchases. After years of historic lows, this demand trends seems poised for a multi-year recovery.

I’m in Washington DC to talk to the National Association of Business Economics on the state of the housing market. I ran into Lawrence Yun, the chief economist for the National Association of Realtors and he mentioned that he just raised his forecast for 2013 from 4% year over year to 7-8%. That’s pretty bullish. Yun, of course, takes a lot of flack for being an industry cheerleader rather than objective. So he should be bullish, right? I told him he’s still too low.

The logic is this: in 2012 US Housing Prices climbed between 5 and 12%, depending on which measure you choose.  The Case-Shiller Index climbed 6.8% year over year at the end of 2012. Here in 1Q 2013, all the leading indicators are stronger than they were a year ago. (For those of you just tuning in, this is the third in a series of “home prices are stronger than you think” posts from me this winter.)

Contact Altos if you want details on the our housing market data.

Note that all these measures, except for Altos, focus on the closed transactions. They are, by definition, lagging. It makes sense that, in an accelerating market, the Altos number is going to hit it’s high several months before the others do.

The always-lucid Bill McBride at CalculatedRisk saw homes prices rise in 2012 but anticipates a slowdown in 2013, though he doesn’t say why.

If you observe that home prices rose at x% last year and that the conditions (low supply, high demand) that created that rise are stronger this year, it’s reasonable that your models should indicate stronger price appreciation this year. Don’t be surprised when 2013 turns out to be another roaring year for home prices.